Review of design parameters and optical characteristics of main types of amateur telescopes

Abstract

This review examines the design principles and image quality performance of the three primary types of amateur astronomical telescopes: refractors, reflectors, and catadioptrics. The study begins with a thorough overview of existing literature, referencing over 150 sources to provide a theoretical introduction for the analysis. Each telescope type is evaluated in terms of its optical construction, aberration control, portability, maintenance, and suitability for both visual observation and astrophotography. Key differences and trade-offs in performance, usability, and cost are discussed. Special attention is given to how each design handles chromatic and spherical aberrations, field curvature, and diffraction effects -factors critical to image sharpness and contrast. The paper concludes with practical recommendations tailored to various user needs, such as planetary observation, deep-sky imaging, or beginner-level stargazing. By synthesizing theoretical insights with practical considerations, this review aims to guide amateur astronomers, educators, and enthusiasts in selecting the most appropriate telescope type for their specific interests and observing goals.