Breast cancer research: in vitro models, markers, and in silico analysis - a narrative review

Abstract

Breast cancer (BC) is one of the most common cancers among women worldwide but can also affect men. Although the detection and diagnosis of BC is advanced, there is a demand for more efficient approaches to treatment. This review summarizes the most important and latest discoveries in the diagnosis and prevention of breast cancer, using scientific discoveries done in vitro cell models, molecular and genetic markers, and data from different in silico analysis studies. Using Google Scholar and PubMed, scientific articles were searched systematically from inception to November 2023.  As search terms in this review, we used:  breast cancer, in vitro cell lines in BC, genetic and biochemical markers, and miRNA in BC. Based on the literature search, biochemical and genetic markers play essential roles in breast cancer research, whereas in vitro and silico research utilizes breast cancer cell models. Cell models are indispensable tools for the identification of potential new drugs, offering valuable findings on breast cancer growth dynamics. Molecular markers and innovative research methods not only aid in early detection but also contribute to our understanding of BC at various stages, offering treatment strategies and improving outcomes.