Investigation of Microstrip Filters for Glucose and Tension Sensing Based on Biomedical Electronics

Abstract

The advantage of the microstrip filter based sensing system is that it is planar, cheap, lightweight and very sensitive to electromagnetic field, which is suitable for use in biomedical electonics. In this paper, microstrip technology is studied and applied to the design of glucose sensing and tension sensing filters, focusing on the sensing mechanisms, resonator geometries, operating frequency bands, type of substrate, fabrication procedure, and performance indicators. A comparative discussion is provided to illustrate the effect of field confinement, effective permittivity and deformation of the structure on the resonance behavior. Recent developments of biosensors, flexible electronics, wearable electronics, and optimization techniques are also included. To make the paper more reproducible, a more complete nomenclature, the key equations used for the analysis, explicit simulation settings and additional result tables are added. Finally, some practical limitations including calibration drift, environmental variation, hysteresis and long-term stability are emphasized, and future trends in artificial intelligence, integration with the Internet of Things (IoT), metamaterial-inspired resonators and flexible platforms using graphene are addressed.