Organ-on-a-chip (OOC): a novel, straightforward, and efficient strategy for in vitro research

Abstract

Organ-on-a-chip (OOC), known as tissue chips have drawn significant interest because of its various applications, particularly in drug development and screening. These devices can reduce the need for in vivo animal studies and offer useful alternatives to conventional preclinical cell culture techniques. The conventional in vitro test used to evaluate absorption, metabolism, distribution, toxicity, and excretion (ADME) was transformed by the rapid advancement of OOC technology. Numerous biomedical applications have emerged as a result of dramatic advancements in OOC design technology over the past few years. Additionally, these advancements have revealed new opportunities and challenges. Scientists all over the planet are advocating for the consolidation of OOCs for ADME and toxicity assessment. There is a requirement for multidisciplinary information from the biomedical and design fields to comprehend and acknowledge OOCs. OOC is more advanced than conventional 2D culture systems thanks to its precise flow control systems and quick sample processing. It provides a platform that mimics human physiological functions. The advantages and disadvantages of biomedical approaches are highlighted, as well as current applications, toxicity evaluation, and a snapshot of this rapidly evolving technology in this review.